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How long does the fault determination process actually take? First accident ever

So this whole thing has been such a weird experience because I wasn't even in my car when it happened. I was at the gym, mid-workout, and when I came out someone had left a note on my windshield saying they'd clipped my front bumper pulling out of the space next to mine. To their credit they actually left a number, so I called and they were apologetic and gave me their insurance info on the spot.

I filed the claim the same day. The damage isn't catastrophic but it's definitely not a scratch either — the bumper is cracked and there's some paint transfer and a dent near the headlight housing.

Here's my anxiety: since I have zero witnesses and I was inside the building, I'm worried the other driver could change their story at any point. Like what if they suddenly claim my car was parked badly or sticking out, or they just decide to deny the whole thing? I have the note they left but I don't know how much weight that carries.

I've never dealt with an insurance claim before and I genuinely have no idea how long it takes for an adjuster to officially decide fault. Is there a standard timeline? Does it matter that I wasn't present? What should I be doing in the meantime to protect myself?

I took photos right after I found it — damage, their paint on my car, the parking lot layout. Is there anything else I should be gathering?

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